Essay about The Park - Original Writing - 2487 Words

The Park - Original Writing 25 June 6:00am. As the sun slowly begins to rise, a peaceful chirping noise comes from the birds hidden amongst the trees. The park is about to wake from its long, tranquil and peaceful sleep. The woodland is beginning to arise-a humming grasshopper and the odd droning bee. The sunlight shines, making tall beams of light through the gaps in the branches of the trees. The tall night-scary trees become friendlier in the early morning brightness. As the woodland prepares for another swelteringly warm, sunny day the air becomes moist and heavy, making it hard to breathe. When the morning sunlight hits the tall metal structures of the play park, they breathe a†¦show more content†¦Beer cans were strewn everywhere branches had been viciously snapped off the trees and graffiti was sprayed all over the childrens play park. It made Barry red with rage. Dirty graffiti he thought, evil cans. He decided it was time to go on his morning inspection of the park, the park he cared for and loved. Thats when he saw it. Walking towards the play park, he found the first sign of vandalism: a beer can strewn on the floor; its shiny label glinting in the morning sunlight. He picked up the can and tossed it into the black binbag, which he was gripping the top of ever tighter each time he found another piece of rubbish. If the top of the bin bag had been a neck, the person would be dead by now. After collecting all the rubbish and the broken branches and had tried to scrub off another piece of art from the slide in the play park the park was beginning to fill up with many varied types of people. Rather like extras crowding onto a film set. There were weary mothers pushing prams, teenagers flying through the park on rollerblades and smart, bold businessmen with faces like dark clouds thinking about what they would face in the day ahead. Barry walked sternly back to his hut with his bag of rubbish. He was going to catch them he thought. He had built up a picture of what the vandals looked like. Got to be teenagers he guessed. They must look very scruffy and probably hardly everShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Jurassic Park 1483 Words   |  6 Pagesfew, in this case we are referring to the Jurassic Park series. â€Å"Jurassic Park† is a four- part movie series that has a pretty common, redundant style throughout the movies. In the series, it includes Jurassic Park, Lost World: Jurassic Park, Jurassic Park III, and Jurassic World, which includes all elements that are to be expected in an action, dramatic sci-fi movie. 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Jane Austen started the novel Sense and Sensibility in seventeen ninety seven. The original title was Elinor and Marianne after the two main characters. The title changed to Sense and Sensibility and it was finished inRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesknown for the passion that he used in all his writings. Many of his works are regarded as classics of American Literature, and some have even been made into motion pictures. The Old Man and the Sea, which is the story about an old Cuban fisherman, was published in 1952. Because of this creation, in 1954 Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He was educated in Oak Park High School and graduated in 1917. After graduatingRead MoreAcademia and Text Matching Software Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor factor in education that has affected students’ success and academic achievements in recent years. 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AnotherRead MoreA Report On Nars Style, Format, And Documentation945 Words   |  4 PagesHandbook for Writers of Research Papers offers complete and detailed guidance on NARS style, and there are many resources on the Internet that explain NARS style. Below is a primer of some of the most frequent and basic rules that pertain to the writing with NARS. Seek out other sources if the information below does not include what you need. NARS Format Your formal papers for this course should include or use: ï‚ § The following information in the upper left corner of the first page: your nameRead MoreDisneyland Park: The Disney Dedication Plaque . Introduction.1269 Words   |  6 PagesDisneyland Park: The Disney Dedication Plaque Introduction The Disneyland dedication plaque forms part of the most overlooked details in Disney parks. The plaque, which is located close to the anterior of the park not only sets the attitude for exploration but also offers words of inspiration. Notably, the plaque is signed by Walt Disney, the reigning executive at the time of Disneyland’s opening. Most people that visit the park often fail to notice the plaque despite it being a nice way ofRead MoreWriting Process : Writing And Writing862 Words   |  4 Pagesadopt a system of writing that I can use most of the time. To be involved through all the composing process, I need to gather all the tools that I need such as paper and a pen, a typewriter, or a computer. I must also choose a suitable writing environment or place, and then apply my writing techniques and skills. The writing process has different ways and steps, allowing each writer to develop his or her writing in his or her own way. By describing all the steps I go through when writing, I really show

Cash Management Services Example

Essays on Cash Management Services Research Paper ï » ¿Cash Management Services Table of Contents Reduction of opportunity cost in a health care organization with CMS 4 Conclusion 5 Introduction The services offered by banks are getting diversified with time. Such multifarious treatment has been introduced to cater to the changing needs of the customers in the best possible manner. Through these specific services, banks try to attract and retain the loyal customers and thus attain sustainable competitiveness in the market. Among different services offered by the banks, ‘cash management service’ is often used by the banks to develop a healthy relation with its customers. Most of the banks offer cash management services to the retail customers (e.g. companies) for cash flow processing, cash pooling and message service for the current accounts. All these services assist the clients to improve the efficiency of their day to day cash transactions. Clients get timely and accurate information of the monitory transactions (Huang, 2007, p.83). The cash management services (CMS) is an assortment of different kinds of services, few of the most popular ones are discussed below: Lockbox service: If a retail customer receives a large number of payments through mails, then the customer’s account receivables will be directly collected in different branches of the bank and will be sent to the main account maintained by the customer. Zero-balance account (ZBA): If a company has several accounts located in different places, then it becomes quite difficult to segregate the amount debited from the one credited from each branch. ZBA assists in managing all the branch accounts in a more organized manner. In ZBA, each day the account of all the branches start with zero balance and at the end of the day all the receivables and deposits made throughout the day get adjusted with the main account of the company. The same thing continues the next day and the accounts of different branches start with zero balance. Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network: This is one of the most reliable and efficient network that allows batch–oriented electronic fund transfer system. This service is useful for those retail customers which have their operations in several locations. They often open accounts with different banks. As soon as the money is received in these accounts, it is transferred to the main account of the customer through inter-banking electronic fund clearance system (Center for Financial Training, 2009, p.318). Comparison of different CMS offered by the sample banks For analyzing cash management services followed by different banks in US, three sample banks were selected. During this process, the CMS offered by the sample companies is analyzed to identify the advantages and disadvantages associated with the CMS of each of these sample banks. The first sample bank is HSBC, one of the world’s largest banks. In South America, more than 710,000 people receive their salaries through HSBC and more than 40,000 corporate customers get benefited from the account receivable solution provided by the bank. The number of electronic banking services users is approximately 90,000 and most of them are regular users of payment and cash management (PCM) service offered by the bank. More than 100 specialists are working incessantly to identify the requirements of the customers and to develop different PCM services (HSBC-a, 2010). The bank offers electronic and paperless payment solution that adds flexibility and better control to the customer’s business. The electronic collection services of the bank assist the corporate customers to have a fast conversion of receivables to cash. Services like cash concentration and direct investment ensures a healthy short liquidity to businesses (HSBC-b, 2010). The recession has registered a change in treatment; the bank is focusing more on its Asian business as its US units are yet to recover from poor profitability and declining demand. Another bank is Bank of America Merrill Lynch. It is one of the best banks in America that succeeded in understanding the changing needs of the people and modifying the service portfolio offered by the company. In the year 2009, Merrill Lynch was considered as the â€Å"Best cash management bank† by Treasury Risk. The bank offers full range of treasury management solution that includes collection, concentration, investment and optimum retune on the liquidity managed by the companies. The receipt and payable management services offered by the bank is effective in minimizing the risk as well as the cost associated with this process. Dense network and long term experience of the bank in US can be considered as a major advantage for developing effective CMS. The last sample company is Bank Leumi USA, which too offers cash management services to the customers. It offers ACH origination, cash concentration, lockbox services, positive pay, money transfer, along with other allied services (Bank Leumi USA, 2010). Comparatively small market share and moderate popularity of the bank are some of the major disadvantages of CMS offered by the bank. After considering the CMS portfolio offered by the bank, network density and the degree of customer satisfaction, it can be concluded that cash management services like lockbox, ACH and concentration of cash offered by Bank of America Merrill Lynch is one of the best in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The customer care department, which is responsible for CMS management of the bank, is quite experienced in understanding the requirement of the customers and developing innovative products. Reduction of opportunity cost in a health care organization with CMS Many well known organizations in US have several branches in different locations, making it problematic for managing cash (receivables and payable). If the health care organization follows the tradition cash management process, it will take too long to collect the receivables and thus the cost of opportunity would increase. On the flip side, if they use the CMS offered by a bank, it becomes quite easy for the organization to minimize the time as well as the cost associated with cash management process. Apart from the traditional receivable and payable management; these organizations can use special services like zero balance account that minimize the amount of ideal cost that needs to be managed with the bank for each account. Conclusion After analyzing the CMS offered by the sample companies, it can be concluded that all the banks offer more or less similar services but the quality of the services is what that makes the difference. While selecting the bank for availing its CMS facility, companies are required to pay more attention to branch network, efficiency of service offered, expertise of human force and ability of the management to understand the changing customer requirements. The above mentioned factors are also applicable in case of banks that aim to ensure sustainable growth by developing new services under CMS. Reference Center for Financial Training. (2009). Banking Systems. Cengage Learning. HSBC-a (2010). Global Payments and Cash Management - South America. Retrieved on September 11, 2010 from http://www.hsbcnet.com/transaction/global-payments-and-cash-management/south-america. HSBC-b. (2010). International Payments and Cash Management. Retrieved on September 11, 2010 from http://www.us.hsbc.com/1/2/3/business/other/cash-management. Huang, W. (2007). Institutional banking for emerging markets: principles and practice. John Wiley and Sons.

Tree Plantation Free Essays

Man has been closely related with the nature since the down of civilization. Nature is helpful for all human beings. Nature abounds with trees. We will write a custom essay sample on Tree Plantation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Trees are one of the best gifts of nature. As the civilization proceeds towards development, valuable nature assets are also getting damaged day by day. So it is the ease with trees. Now the ecological balance is distributed and the life becomes difficult. Our life and existence on earth greatly depends on trees. So we should plant trees through an existence expedition and maintain our ecological balance smooth. The first and foremost thing we get from trees is oxygen. We inhale oxygen from air, which are provided by trees. Trees maintain the climate and the weather of a country. They help causing rainfall and save our country from destruction. Trees save our land from erosion and make it fertile. We get our major food production from trees we get our clothing material from trees. We also get some building materials from trees. Rural houses are mainly made by trees indirectly. We get furniture from trees which are provided by trees. Besides we get many kinds of medicines from trees. In real sense trees give us many things that we can not even count. In a matter of great regret the destruction of trees is common in Bangladesh. Our people cut trees at random. We use plants in the time of need but we can not plant more, which is greatly needed for for existence. Trees are the raw material of many industries, so it is widely used. People use trees as fuel in their kitchen, brick fields. They also cut them to make new houses. It is a great threat to our healthy atmosphere and our environment. The ratio of cutting and planting trees is very much different. We cut more but plant less. We have to plant more and more to prevent ourselves from natural disasters. Tress can be planted almost all the year but rainy season is the appropriate time to plant trees. Each and everybody should be conscious about that utility of trees and should take part in tree plantation. Where we get vacant places in our house, office, schools, colleges, hospitals we should plant them. Or we can plant them on the sides of the roads or any available spaces with a view to provide shade. There are so many nurseries where we can get various kinds of trees and seeds at a minimum cost. It is hopeful that our government launches tree plantation expedition and arrange tree plantation week in a year. Our united effort can make their program successful. The middle east countries fulfill their requirement of fruit, food and vegetables importing them from Bangladesh. We also earn a lot of foreign exchange by exporting barks venoms of snakes, some medicinal fruits from our forest. The trees are our lifelong friend and become a part and parcel in our national life. It is our burden duty and responsibility to plant trees not only plantation but also proper care should be ensured. Finally tree plantation is a most for our own betterment. How to cite Tree Plantation, Papers

Cultural Diversity is a Necessity free essay sample

Before I was seventeen, I was like the majority of other students I observed in the tenth grade and profusely avoided the group of black students who piled into the right side of the school cafeteria for breakfast every morning. These students wore chains and baggy pants, and called rude remarks to the other students passing by, especially the more vulnerable freshman. I thought these teens to be uncivilized. I could not understand why they did not try to make life easier for themselves by dressing nicely and speaking in a professional manner. One of these students was in a science class of mine, and I became constantly angry with him for disrupting the teacher and ignoring the class rules. I believed this student to be someone who brought unnecessary disciplinary action to himself. Despite these thoughts, I told myself that I was not a racist. I told myself that the color of these students’ skin had nothing to do with my unease toward them. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Diversity is a Necessity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was their actions that made me upset, not their skin color, and if they would just act and dress normally then of course I would be willing to accept and befriend them. I could not be a racist because I had black friends, like my friend Allison. Allison, unlike these other students, spoke in a grammatically correct manner. She had a thin waist and wore pretty, flowery clothes to school. My sophomore year I served on the teen board of a non-profit youth health clinic. Before its closing in 2011, this clinic served low-income families in North Carolina, most of whom were black. A few board members and I traveled to a nearby middle school one day to help teach young female students about good hygiene. When it came time to discuss hair care, however, something strange happened. The young girls spoke of how they made sure to wash their hair at least once a week. All of us volunteers, who usually washed our hair everyday, were confused- all but one, anyway. The only black girl on our board stepped up at that moment to talk about African American hair care, which the rest of us had not realized could be different than Caucasian hair care. Later in the seminar, a small girl came up to me and pulled on my ponytail. She said she wished her hair was straight and pretty like mine instead of fluffy like hers. After this incident, the way I perceived race within my life began to change. I stopped scorning the students that sat in the corner of the cafeteria and instead began to question why the administration surrounded them everyday, without fail, circling them like hawks. I started to realize what it meant that only specific students of color were accepted as friends into my social circle. I also began to understand why so many African American students at my school seemed so unwilling to learn. Just as the needs of the little girls at the middle school were unbeknownst to the majority of us volunteers, the needs of many African American students seem completely lost to my school’s administration and teachers. Not only that, but there are very few teachers of color at my school, something that only increases this cultural gap. I now understand that racism can cross cultural lines and is not strictly based on skin color. I also understand why institutions that do not serve the needs of many different races leave many important people without the assistance they need. From the day I turned seventeen, I took a personal vow to help create more diversity (and more diverse ways of servitude) in any organization or institution I become a part of. This includes making sure that the Gay-Straight Alliance Club at my school attends to the needs of not just white students, but also students of Hispanic, Asian, Indian, Middle Eastern and African American descent. Changing my school is the harder part of the puzzle. Advocating for improvement on a level that large can take a large amount of time and effort. I plan to put that effort in. Although I have not yet decided what I will major in, or what my future career will be, I do know that I will always have a strong commitment to creating a diverse community.

Ocean pollution research paper Essays - Ocean Pollution,

Ocean pollution research paper Natalie OBrien English 1A Dr. Walters The Dead Connection The land is an abundant source of flora and fauna which coexist in nature to obtain and depend on each resource that the land as to offer. All these organisms have learned to coexist with one another except for one, mankind. We have become a powerful force of destruction to nature because we were taught by one another that nature is to be a tamed commodity. We see nature as something we must overcome in order to sustain life on this planet. In fact, taming nature will become the destruction of all mankind. We must lead a life of recognition and appreciation of the land and all that it provides. To be able to maintain existence on our earth, humans must live on this earth recognizing that our destructive treatment of our land must come to end by reconnecting and restoring a better relationship with the land. Restoration with nature is a timely process that can take decades to recover from. Humans must take small steps that will make big changes towards the future of how we live on this earth. The process of reconnecting with nature not only begins on land, but also with the ocean. Humans maintain the idea that the ocean is too massive and resilient for anything to harm it. That idea that ocean is indestructible has met its end. The biggest enemy to our ocean is pollution. Ocean pollution is a big problem that has consequences of damaging marine life, and effecting humans as well. Ocean pollution occurs when waste products or other substances, such as microorganisms, chemicals, or sewage, change the physical, thermal, chemical or biological characteristics of the water. This affects living species and reducing the water's beneficial uses. Unfortunately, humans are the major contributors to the pollution of our ocean. Things such as plastic waste, sewage, and contamination of marine life is all apart of this major issue of ocean pollution. One major contributor is industrial sediments such as household products, automotive products contain harmful products that run back to the ocean. This is harmful to marine communities and to marine animals. Chemicals such as PCBs are harmful to both wildlife and humans. These chemicals have damaging effects on the neurological, and immune systems of both wild life and humans. A 2008 study in the journal Science reports,40 percent of the seas are heavily impacted, while only 4 percent remain pristine. Coastal sprawl and loss of habitat are also reducing our ability to restore our seas. Add to this the effects of fossil-fuel-fired climate change-including warming, rising seas, polar melting, and ocean acidification that make it harder for shell-forming critters from krill to corals to survive -- and its understandable why some leading marine scientists have begun to despair. Reports like this are devastating and alarming to read. H umans must realize that we are the number one contributor to the oceans pollution. There is only one ocean, and we must restore a better connection with the most vital and ONLY water source we have. Understanding our unfortunate part in ocean pollution will be the first solution to rewind from the damage humans have started in order to sustain life on this very planet. Humans have natural tendencies of wanting to be connected through technology. Social media, text messages, and the internet are just a few ways humans have to be connected to each other. But what about having a connected relationship to nature? Oddly enough, a society that has many ways of being connected has lost a connection to the foundation of life, the land. The land represents every aspect of nature including the ocean. Thousands of years ago, the ways humans maintained connection to each other was through the sea. The ocean was a vast interconnection between land and sea that humans used as a vessel of exploration. In todays world, the ocean has turned into a sea of plastic waste. Plastic is hazardous to both our wildlife but also to seafood that humans consume on a daily basis. Plastic is a major problem because plastic, unlike other materials, never degrades. We must help to reduce our usage of plastic for the sake and

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda Are you planning some holiday baking? If so, you can use your knowledge of kitchen chemistry to save a trip to the store if you run out of ingredients. One substitution that can be confusing is whether or not you can use baking powder and baking soda interchangeably. Both baking powder and baking soda are used to help baked goods rise, but they arent the same chemicals. The Deal With Baking Soda Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. If you dont have baking soda, you can use baking powder, but you will need to add about twice as much because baking powder contains baking soda, but it also contains other ingredients. This substitution may affect the flavor of the food, not necessarily in a negative way. If the recipe calls for salt (sodium chloride), you may want to use slightly less. The Deal With Baking Powder Baking powder is sodium bicarbonate and potassium bitartrate. If you dont have baking powder, you cant substitute baking soda, but you can make baking powder using two parts cream of tartar and one part baking soda. For example, two teaspoons of cream of tartar plus one teaspoon of baking soda would give you three teaspoons of baking powder. Unless the recipes states otherwise, begin baking as soon as you have finished mixing the ingredients, since the chemical reaction that causes the rising starts as soon as wet and dry ingredients are mixed. Tell me more...

Evaluating Human Resource Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evaluating Human Resource Managment - Essay Example orms of flexibility exist (technology, organizations and systems) which are also important factors to bear in mind when considering the flexible workforce. Since the early 1980s, research by John Atkinson and others (Atkinson 1984: Atkinson and Meager, 1986 etc) suggests that firms are increasingly seeking and achieving greater flexibility from their workforce. Four forms of flexibility were identified, which have been packaged together to develop a flexible firm model: Numerical means the emergence of new forms of contract based on limited employment periods such as temporary contracting, part-time contracts, and zero hour contracts etc. This allows the firm to move people in and out rapidly and respond to changing market demands. Numerical Flexibility involves changing the quantity of employee input. Quantitative changes include: Hiring numbers of employees Specified hours of work Organization uses part-time employees Organization uses temporary employees, whose contracts can be terminated, using liberal provisions on hiring and dismissals. The extent of numerical flexibility is a function of the severity of certain restrictions. Numerical Flexibility is typically constrained by rights to protection against unfair treatment, Numerical flexibility constrained by rights to redundancy benefits, and by restrictions on freedom to restructure through requirements to consult, negotiate, or gain legal approval Functional means the emergence of teamwork and the broadening of established job boundaries and skill definitions. Flexible organization of the workplace involves high skills and a collaborative approach to work. Its features are: Broadening job design and job boundaries: Willingness among employees to adopt new working practices such as team working and... This paper approves that people whose work is highly specialized, repetitive and routine may become dissatisfied with their job. This dissatisfaction often shows itself by reduced output, increased absenteeism and high staff turnover. This very quickly reduces effectiveness of a work area, and influences the effectiveness of the whole organization. A number of approaches have been developed to try to overcome this problem. Among these are job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation, and semi-autonomous work groups. This essay makes a conclusion that the differences or variances in job flexible is relative to the working environment and human motivation. It is then recommended that managers should be aware that distinct attributes and factors may influence the level of job satisfaction among different occupations within business organizations. The combined effects of all the variables for the aggregate population and by occupation clearly demonstrate that achieving job satisfaction and organizational goal is possible through flexible workforce. Additional researches with participants in other environmental settings and conditions are essential. The manner of implementation of Flexibility in workforce significantly affects employee’s views and beliefs as well as the manner in which they exercise or do their responsibilities. But definitely, Flexile workforce plays an important role in the success, efficiency and soundness of Human Resource management of an organization.

Creditor Right System of Company Law Coursework

Creditor Right System of Company Law - Coursework Example Crystal to the company towards working capital must be registered with companies within a period of 21 days. â€Å"If a registrable charge is not registered in time, then it is void against the liquidator or administrator and any creditor of the company. This means that the debt for which the charge was given will remain payable, but it will be unsecured.† (Company charges, 2009, p.7). Thus, in this case, it is assumed that the charges on debentures and debts have been registered and, therefore, they need to be paid first before setting the claims of the unsecured creditors and the equity shareholders of the company. It is common knowledge that the corporate entity, Crystal Chandeliers Ltd, is a limited company and thus, except under exceptional circumstances, the shareholders, Ms.Crystal, and her sons would be liable only for the value of unpaid shares payable by them, or in other words, the shares which they hold. Crystal Chandeliers Ltd is a limited liability company the personal assets of the owners are usually protected from business creditors as a matter of law. Shareholders and LLC members have a kind of asset protection called limited personal liability under which it would be difficult to attach.  Normally unsecured creditors would rank the last after all preferential and secured creditors are paid off. But in the event, the charge on the assets are not registered with the Companies House within the prescribed time, it is possible that these would also rank only as unsecured creditors, along with other kinds of unsecured debt holders.  

Locally Abundant' - Sustainable Food Documentary Essay

Locally Abundant' - Sustainable Food Documentary - Essay Example Agriculture is one current field wich require changing for the purpose of meeting the increase in demand. It is possible to terminate poverty, hunger and sustain food security without damaging the environment. To ensure that such an elaborate level becomes viable, there is need to utilize the water, energy, fertilizers, chemicals and lands (Steel, 2013). Organic farming is increasing and gaining popularity and is practiced in many countries in the world. Farmers who accept to use renewable resources and conserve the soil and water to prevent environmental pollution for the coming generation produce certified organic food. Organic meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products come from an animal, which are given growth hormones and antibiotics (Francis, 2012). These foods are produced without using artificial preservatives, synthetic pesticides, and fertilizers. Removing agrichemicals is not enough to turn conventional farming to organic farming. Organic farming is an active labor-intensive process. For instance, organic farmers use compost manure and practice crop rotation to nourish soil naturally and allow the soil to regenerate. Plants grow well in healthy soil and avoid being contaminated with pesticides (Steel, 2013). Organic farmers are careful about how they store and dispose of their animal waste in order not to pollute water and air. They crops that are suitable to the soil and climate. Organic farming promotes biodiversity since it allows the growth of more than one crop. Therefore preventing soil erosion and conserves energy (Francis, 2012). Moreover, it assists in reducing greenhouse gasses, which leads to global warming. Practicing organic farming is important since it is a humane treatment of animals especially poultry and cattle. They are fed by certified organic diet rather than depending on antibiotics to reduce diseases. They prevent diseases by ensuring the live a healthy lifestyle and

Plato on Gender: An analysis

Plato on Gender: An analysis Plato on Gender Platonic advocacy of female public engagement as articulated in Republic V challenges an organizational ethos by which the activities, movement, and behavior of women were severely restricted. Indeed the role of women in Plato’s political philosophy is arguably at odds, not only with the negative and oppressive depiction of women in Athenian philosophical thought at large, but also with the broader Platonic corpus which seems to speak to the natural inferiority of females. Plato advances the radical argument that insofar as the body and soul are distinct, women and men may serve coequally in the guardianship of the state. That is, assuming that the nature of a person is independent of his/her body, and to such an extent as each individual should be assigned work suited to his nature, both sexes will be capable of performing all the functions needed by the city, including philosophy, despite the innate and inevitable inferiority of women (Okin, 1979). Yet however progressive hi s embrace of women in terms of their capacity to assume political, ethical, and intellectual responsibilities alongside men; the evidence suggests that Plato did not stand for a liberationist philosophy that elevates women to the moral status of men. Only by examining the proposals of Republic V with an eye toward the overriding aims and structure of the ideal society do Plato’s apparent contradictions in his views toward women become apparent. While his views on women were no doubt revolutionary for the day, the degree to which Plato was motivated by an egalitarian ethic remains an open question. We must remember that Plato was a product of a society locked into a rigid patrimonial order in which the confinement of respectable women was de rigeur and where upper class women were valued primarily as instruments of reproduction and legitimacy (Pomeroy, 1975). The Athenian woman of citizen class was secluded within the parental home until she became a ward of the matrimonial household, where she was expected to exercise her maternal responsibilities, especially the breeding of sons. She was likewise controlled and deprived with respect to her sexuality, without the compensation of any participation in life outside the domestic sphere (Okin, 1979). Socialization with men at any level, even within the confines of the home, was not consistent with her service to the household and commitment to chastity, frugality, and silence (P omeroy, 1975). In conceptual terms, meanwhile, emotionalism and lack of self-control were seen as products of female nature; reserving bravery, norms of reason, and objectivity for men within the intellectual and institutional structure (Just, 1989). Thus to the extent that women were devoid of moral agency and self-possession, they were subject to the authority and guardianship of men, effectively disqualifying them from the ruling class as a condition of â€Å"natural† dependency. The recurrent theme in the literature is of female subordination and loss of autonomy as a result of excessive physical indulgence: â€Å"women are in bondage to their physical appetites as much as those who are legally bound† (Just, 1989, p. 186). A woman, as such, is unable to subordinate her appetites, desires, and emotions to reason (i.e. higher-order valuations) in pursuit of virtue. A man however, presuming the opportune socio-economic conditions, is free, and hence is arguably considerably less, if at all, inclined to fall victim to akratic action. By this reasoning, men maintain the ability to act in accordance with their decisive better judgments, while women are seen in connection to and dependent upon their appetitive urges (Politics, 1260a2-12). Hesiod’s Theogony, for example, likens the woman to a gluttonous and sexually licentious â€Å"stomach† inflicted on the man to consume the fruits of his labor and weaken his resolve to self-govern, which, as a free man, he is presumed capable of (Just, 1989, p. 164). Aristotle confirms; noting in the Politics that, â€Å"the woman has [a deliberative faculty], but [that] it is without authority† (Politics, 1260a12-14). Correspondingly, he submits that â€Å"to a woman, silence brings refinement – whereas this does not apply to a man† (Politics, 1260a30-31). Hence, as Just comments, â€Å"the opposition between those innately possessed of self-control, and those who lack it . . . ideologically r enders women’s subordinated place within the social structure of the polis a ‘natural’ one† (Just, 1989, p. 166). Against this backdrop, it seems unrealistic to believe that Plato was immune to the influences of the historical and cultural standards that underscore his dialogues. In fact, in the Timaeus, Plato himself explains the inferiority of women in terms of devolution from an original creation consisting of men. Those able to master their passions and live virtuously on Earth are granted passage back to the stars from which they came; cowardly and unrighteous men are reborn as women to account for their failures. â€Å"All male-born humans who lived lives of cowardice or injustice were reborn in the second generation as women† (Timaeus, 90e7-8). Indeed victory of the rational over the irrational was the means by which a debased soul may return to â€Å"his original condition of excellence,† and avoid further degeneration into an animal form appropriate to the evil nature which he had acquired (Timaeus, 42b1-d2).Plato continues to explain that, ultimately, procreation results from the union of the â€Å"woman’s desire and the man’s love;† an explanation that speaks to appetitive/reason distinction discussed above (Timaeus, 91d1). Thus Plato builds a hierarchy of goodness and rationality in which woman is positioned midway between man and beast, a sentiment echoed in the Laws (Okin 1979). The dialogue of Republic V, however, suggests that while human beings can differ in many ways, certain attributes have no bearing on the assignment of different functions to different persons in accordance with their natures. For example, whereas a man with a full head of hair is known to be a good cobbler, the bald man is not necessarily incapable of practicing the same profession (Republic V, 454c1-6). There seems, therefore, to be no reason to consider the difference between the sexes in terms of procreative function relevant to whether they should play equal roles in the guardianship of the state (Okin, 1979). Plato thereby manages to reconcile the dialectical opposition between the belief that different natures ought to accord with different pursuits, and the suggestion that the same pursuits be open to both sexes in spite of female inferiority. Thus although he asserts that women are generally less capable than men, especially in physical strength, he maintains that individual members of both sexes are capable of concurrently performing all the city’s functions, including rule and defense (Okin, 1979). The collective good therefore seems to demand that individual pursuits and education be in keeping with the merits of each, irrespective of sex. That â€Å"women bear . . . and men beget,† Plato reasons, is not tantamount to proof that women ought to be denied the ‘guardian-rearing’ education provided to their male peers (Republic V, 454d5-12). Accordingly, Plato maintains that the guardians of his state, along with their (collective) wives, ought to enjoy the same pursuits. Just as a â€Å"male and female doctor have souls of the same nature,† so to would Plato’s purported male and female guardians (Republic V, 454c10-d1). Plato does, however, prescribe a lighter share of defensive duties to women, in keeping with their relative physical weakness and consistent with their assumed level of strength (Republic V, 455d7-e2). Thus although Plato expands the range of activities open to women, the notion (articulated in the Timaeus) that the female form embodies a wicked soul certainly calls into question Plato’s embrace of the egalitarian ideal as such. To be sure, Plato grounds his emancipation of women in the metaphysical assertion that the body and soul are distinct, such that the body becomes an obstacle to the ambitions and potential of the soul. If a male soul can reside in a female body and vice versa, it follows that a female with a philosophical nature may aspire to re-enter life as a man to the extent that she severs her attachment and dependence on the body in favor of philosophy (Bar On, 1994). In effect, since the desired quality of one’s soul may be incongruous with one’s sexual identity, Plato implies that manliness is not necessarily a function of the body. If â€Å"female† refers to someone connected to the world on a bodily level, and â€Å"male,† to a p erson elevated to a philosophical plane (Bar On, 1994), then anyone of a suitable nature can be considered male as a matter of statecraft. In this vein, Okin argues that Plato shared his fellow Athenians’ contempt for women, suggesting the emancipation of female guardians was a necessary byproduct of the dismantling of the family: â€Å"The most important consequence of Plato’s transformation of the guardian class into a single family is the radical implication it has for the role of women† (Okin, 1979, p. 37). Sensing the antagonism between the state and the family, Plato seeks to disengage the guardians from all connections and motive which may undermine their dedication to the state, thereby extending the primary ties of kinship throughout the ruling class (Okin, 1979, p. 37). Thus Rousseau points to a causal link between the abolition of the family and the granting of equal opportunities to women, such that â€Å"having dispensed with the individual family in his system of government, and not knowing any longer what to do with women, [Plato] finds himself forced to turn them into men† (Ok in, 1979, pp. 37-8). Indeed the need for unity within the ruling class – which eliminated private property and the wifehood, and minimized the role of maternity – is critical to the involvement of women in the administration of the city. â€Å"If for the female guardians the relationship to particular men, children and households has ceased to be crucial, there seems to be no alternative for Plato but to consider women as persons in their own right† (Okin, 1979, p. 38). Thus the utilitarian ethic by which Plato’s seeks communal â€Å"happiness† (eudaimonia) is not built on modern notions of liberty, justice, or equality of the sexes. Plato appeals to the efficiency, harmony, and moral goodness on which his politics rest – the oppression of women notwithstanding. â€Å"Excellence, not liberty, is his goal, and he rejects liberty as the enemy of excellence† (Vlastos, 1994, p. 22). The discharge of women from the confines of their traditional domestic role – absent a suitable outlet for the excesses of female nature – would constitute a threat to civil accord, leaving Plato no choice but to rethink the matter of woman’s role and her potential abilities (Okin, 1979). Allen, who explains Plato’s acceptance of women in the context of a political agenda that does not tolerate any manner of civil discord, and which thereby aims to eliminate potential sources of disorder in the city, also shares this in terpretation (Okin, 1979). Arguably then, Plato intends to foster harmony and unity of purpose by resolving the problem of selfishness and contentious interests through the elimination of private property. Thus where property, inheritance, and marriage are reintroduced – as prescribed in the Laws of Plato’s second best city – the proprietary status of women renders immaterial Plato’s frustration with the â€Å"irrational† maintenance of rigid sex roles (Okin, 1979). â€Å"Given these basic features of the social structure of the city, it is not surprising that Plato, in spite of general pronouncements to the contrary, is not able to treat or use women as the equals of his male citizens† (Okin, 1979, p. 46). Further, and of importance if one is to fairly evaluate Plato’s concern for all women, though Republic V validates the notion that female talents may extend to other crafts under the rubric of maximum efficiency, it proffers nothin g toward applying this notion to any but those fortunate enough to be of aristocratic decent.Hence, even if we were to absolve Plato of his (perhaps more subtlety) biased inferences observed in conjunction with his emancipation of the female-elite, a comprehensive feminist portrayal of the great philosopher demands that one reconcile his violently opposed views on feminine potential as a function of class. What emerges is a Platonic distinction between similarities in the potential range of men’s and women’s talents and similarities in ability, with the related distinction between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. Whereas â€Å"women share by nature in every way of life just as men do,† there exists no pursuit of mankind in which the male sex maintains not the gifts and qualities to a higher degree than the female, save for absurd examples of household production (Republic V, 455c4-d7). This distinction helps to explain why Plato defines male guardians as the â€Å"best of the citizens† and the female guardians as less-than, i.e. the â€Å"best of the women† only (Republic V, 456e1-5). By extension, Plato asserts that the female-guardians – despite their having been educated in tandem with the males – will serve as assistants (i.e. ‘secondary companions’ of sorts) to their male compatriots (Republic V, 471c2-d 4). His description of the optimal brigade arrangement, whereby the guardians would be â€Å"less likely to desert each other†¦if their woman joined their campaigns†¦.positioned in the rear to frighten the enemy, and in case their help should ever be needed† indubitably indicates this much, while further implying that men harbor greater capability and potential in warfare than do women (Republic V, 471d1-4). Therefore, in constant reference to the â€Å"wives† of the guardians, and by defining female guardianship in terms of its value to men, Plato betrays the cultural predispositions embedded in language throughout his work. Unsurprisingly, the notion that ‘a woman can do what her fellow man does, but is nonetheless incapable of doing it as well,’ lies at the heart of feminist objections to Platonic thought. Some suggest that Plato’s apparent hostility toward women can be explained by appeal to an elitist contempt for a corrupt and inefficient social order under which women fail to meet their potential. Vlatos, for example, adopts a minimalist and conservative conception of personal rights that intends to reconcile the equality Plato provides for women with the philosopher’s negative portrayal of women elsewhere (Vlastos, 1994). On Vlastos’ account, if Plato’s policies reflect a belief that â€Å"equality in the rights of persons shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex† – a claim that bears contrary to the norms governing the status of Athenian women at the time – then Plato is aptly characterized as a feminist (Vlastos, 1994, p. 12). On attempting to reconcile the emancipation of the female-elite in Republic V with the reproachful remarks targeted at women – as evidenced throughout the broader Platonic corpus – Vlastos suggests that the â€Å"‘womanish’ traits [Plato] denigrates are those of the great mass of women, not of those brilliant exceptions from whom the guardians would be recruited; and, moreover, they are the traits common to women now [i.e. Plato’s time], under conditions [then] prevailing which [did not] foster the development of energetic minds and resolute characters† (Vlastos, 1994, p. 18). Arguably, Vlastos’ explanation does not merely ‘explain away’ Plato’s irreverent tone toward women; a tone persistent throughout his works and, notably, targeted at the general female body. Ultimately, Vlastos’ approach fails to satisfy those who subscribe to a liberationist ethic that values women’s preferences and needs for thei r own sake (Annas, 1976). On this account, Pomeroy calls attention to contempt for women throughout the Platonic texts, either expressed directly, or implied through images and metaphors; and points to a proprietary canon that positioned women as property, prizes, and slaves under the custodial care of men (Pomeroy, 1975). Moreover, noting that Plato’s liberation of women resides within a metaphysical framework in which a woman’s opportunity to pursue â€Å"knowledge of the good† depends on the intrinsic value of the soul, Annas poses a consistent hostility toward women throughout Plato’s dialogues. Accordingly, she argues against the feminist thesis; namely pointing to the facts that Plato does not reject inequality between the genders as such, nor does he suggest, in any way, that he genuinely cares for the desires of women, as women (Annas, 1976). Clearly, the broader Platonic corpus fails to transcend the gender stereotypes and sexist notions that circumscribe its time. However, in so much as Plato gives voice to a class of citizens that remained mute for ages – barred by the values of a rigid societal construct – some may deem Plato a revolutionary proponent of female-actualization. While his overall presentation may offend modern feminist sensibilities, Plato’s policies are attuned to the potential of females in the face of a disparaging cultural opposition. And, although the evidence suggests that Plato does not consider women as the moral equals of men – by any measure – he nonetheless deserves credit for being among the first to promote the equality of women in meaningful aspects of social status and function. References Annas, Julia. (1976). Plato’s â€Å"Republic† and Feminism. Philosophy, 51, 307-321. Aristotle. (1995). Aristotle Politics: Books I And II. (Trevor Saunders, Trans.). New York: Oxford University Press. (Original work written 350 B.C.E.). Bar On, B. (1994). Engendering Origins: Critical Feminist Readings in Plato and Aristotle. New York: State University of New York Press. Just, R. (1989). Women in Athenian Law and Life. New York: Routledge Press. Okin, S. (1979). Women in Western Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press Plato. (1997). Complete Works: The Republic. (J.M. Cooper D. L. Hutchinson, Eds.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Plato. (1997). Complete Works: Timaeus. (J.M. Cooper D. L. Hutchinson, Eds.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Pomeroy, S. (1975). Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Random House, Inc. Vlastos, Gregory. (1994). Was Plato a Feminist? In Nancy Tuana (Ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Plato (pp. 11-23). University Park, PA: Penn State Press. Walmart: Everyday Low Prices Strategy Walmart: Everyday Low Prices Strategy Wal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer stores emerged in Arkansas, USA since 1962 by Sam Walton with his belief that the future of retailing lay in discounting, focusing on value drivers: price and service, convenience and a wide rage of product all in one store. The successfully of implementation is to adapt innovative practice selling the brand with slogan Every Day Low Prices (EDLP) mixed with other philosophies into its pricing. In early days, One of the key strategy was concerned on small town locations: open discount stores in small town and spread out its stores and filling un-served gaps avoiding from competition radar. As, Wal-Mart saturated its market and effectively barred new competition. With the prospect of low price policy, Wal-Mart is relentless cost control. Non-stop of reducing of their price parallel with cost control. Including of being the partnership with suppliers, they claimed that it helped the suppliers improve inventory management and efficiency as win-win partnership. Another core competence is logistic management. Wal-Mart very early demonstrated commitment to technology in the industry. Being the earliest to adopt satellite technology connection the chain to one big network. Moreover, Wal-Mart has been seeking for the continuing development by adoption RFID in the system. In term of service, Wal-Mart understands the art of motivating its employees from all level to perform their best. For instant, under the ten-foot rule, any member of staff within ten feet of a customer must offer them assistance. Its labor relations are exceptional. Workers are not plain employees but associates, eligible for a share of the profits and stock options in the company. This has created a famously loyal and highly competitive workforce. Now, Wal-Mart is facing a change to their business in China. Over the past few years Chinas retail industry and its distribution and logistical infrastructure have opened up significantly with decreased government regulation. For Wal-Mart this will mean a large change in its business strategy and it will now look to profitably expand with Chinas booming economy. In order to set a new strategy Wal-Mart will need to identify what issues it will face in the short and long term. One such issue is the fact that the business model used in America will not directly transplant to China. For example, in the U.S., Wal-Mart places stores in small towns to gain a competitive advantage. China, on the other hand, will not support such a structure. In China, the economic growth has been concentrated exclusively in coastal regions supporting urbanites. The U.S. business model also uses Wal-Marts distribution, logistics, and IT networks to gain economies of scale and competitive advantages. China does not have the infrastructure for Wal-Mart to gain the same scale economies and advantages. Instead, Wal-Mart China will need to find alternative ways to turn core competencies into competitive advantages. Other issues Wal-Mart China faces are differences in consumer preferences habits between American and Chinese consumers, increasing competition among foreign and domestic firms, and overcoming local protectionism obstacles. SWOT Analysis of Wal-Mart (S)trengths Wal-Mart is a powerful retail brand. It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. The company has a core competence involving its use of information technology to support its international logistics system. Wal-Mart has a lot of suppliers, since the company claimed that it had always treated its supplier as partners and also helps suppliers improve inventory management and efficiency. Wal-Mart has a competitive strategy. For example everyday low prices (EDLP) or Always Low prices, this helped to drive the concept of EDLP and drew a million customers to its door. (W)eakness The biggest obstacle Wal-Mart faced in Mainland China was lack of an information-technology network with suppliers making the purchase and distribution difficult. (O)pportunities To take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region.   The stores are currently only trade in a relatively small number of countries. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets.   New locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to exploit market development. They diversified from large super centres, to local and mall-based sites.   Opportunities exist for Wal-Mart to continue with its current strategy of large, super centres. (T)hreats Very high competition in china market, especially the local brand. The Buying behavior of Chinese consumers, Chinese consumers always compare the different of the price before they make a purchase. Regulatory restrictions, in china the constraints on a foreign retailers operation directly limited the regional expansion of Wal-Mart stores and the efficient use of distribution centers. Local protectionism, it is serious problem faced by many multinational firms trying to expand operations through china. The Infrastructural Deficiency, Wal-Mart distribution system depended on transportation, but china transportation were no well connected and were serious fragmented. Case Questions: Why is Wal-Mart successful in the US? What are Wal-Marts competitive advantages and its sources? Wal-Mart has the critical strategy such as Every Day Low Prices (EDLP) to capture demand of consumers and brand reputation and trust of customers make Wal-Mart become outstanding firm. Two key developments made the success possible: Distribution: Wal-Mart set up highly automated distribution centres, cutting down on delivery time and costs. Inventory flow: The companys computerized inventory systems gave managers real-time information on their stocks, speeding up the re-ordering of goods. The competitive advantages of Wal-Mart are technology, being the earliest to adopt satellite technology connection the chain to one big network. Besides, Wal-Mart has been seeking for the continuing development by adoption RFID in the system. Using the inventory management over the competitors and a lot of suppliers that deal with Wal-Mart. Also, the main successful of Wal-Mart is cost-control. Wal-Mart can control and avoid unnecessary cost very well, therefore Wal-Mart can offers a low price than competitors to consumers as a result of economic of scale. 2. Should Wal-Mart replicate its domestic model in its original form in China? Why? Can it build the same competitive advantage in China through its successful domestic model? Wal-Mart should not use the same strategy form in china. Because it is different in culture , environment, legal and politics. The original might be success in US but the characteristic of Chinese people is totally differently from USs people. It is hard to build the competitive as the same as in United state because due to local supplier, distribution or supply chain is not the same as in USA. Also, Wal-Mart might lack of technology in china, so I think the original model might not work in china 3. Provide suggestions on potential strategies that Wal-Mart China should consider in going forward. Creating Guanxi Conducting marketing expansion research: a critical role in global success. It permits the company to take into account different environments, attitude and market conditions and hence to minimize risks. To get information for possible business expansion To monitor the political climate To review various ways of market To evaluate the business partners Alternatives Wal-Mart has many options when determining what strategy to set going forward in Chinas newly deregulated market.    One such option is to accept defeat.    Wal-Mart has attempted to transplant its American business model in other countries such as Germany, South Korea, and Japan and realized huge failures.    Japan is consistently a loss making operation for Wal-Mart, and Wal-Mart has already completely retreated from Germany and South Korea due to its inability to.. http://walmartstores.com/AboutUs/297.aspx http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/325922.stm

Renaissance and Reformation Essay -- Changes, Influence, Origin

The European Renaissance was characterized by advancements and new developments in literature, science, religion, politics, and most importantly artwork. It proved to be a reappearance of learning based on classical sources. The renaissance was not as widespread as one would think. Essentially it is described as a time of cultural movements rather than technological advancements. Its time period ranged roughly from the 14th century to the 17th century. There is debate as to how far the movement stretched and exactly how many areas were influenced by the renaissance era. The European Renaissance is thought to have originated in Florence, Italy in the 14th century, and occurred after the Black Death. The Black Death was a disease which affected all of Europe. It caused about a third of the population of Europe to die out. The survivors were devastated at the loss of their loved ones, but they found that they were better off financially and socially, making their way up the social ladder. Specifically in Italy, there was greater social mobility. The upward mobility of individuals around this time allowed them to patronize early artists and rebuild libraries. Some areas were seeing more competitively between workers and their bosses, but the 'new' wealth was spent to display items to reinforce prestige. This allowed citizens to patronise the Renaissance artists. Merchants in regions like Italy saw increases in their wealth from trading, using the same trade routes in which the Black Death was spread. The trade income was further developing by Renaissance developments in commerce, causing the merchants to have more wealth to patronise with. The Renaissance brought on new conceptions of life and ... ...such as Italy and Germany. Italy and Germany's economy went bankrupt, causing an increase of famine and disease to spread throughout the populace. The main effect the Reformation had on Europe was the religious thinkings. The Churches now taught the importance of the individual conscience and gained new purity and strength through counter Reformation. The counter Reformation was created by the Catholic Churches as an answer to the Protestant Reformation. Both the Renaissance and the Reformation helped shape all countries today. The Renaissance helped people focus more about the individual person rather than the social class in which they were born. The Reformation was a building block to more forms of Christianity that are still taught today, such as Protestantism. If we had not had either of them, our religion, politic, and even our writing would be different.